快速除去氧化皮酸洗工藝
發(fā)布時間:2006-09-01
發(fā)布者: 張力 專家
閱讀量: 9845
評論數(shù): 40
  碳鋼或低、中碳合金鋼制緊固件在潮濕的環(huán)境下易銹蝕,在熱鐓鍛和紅沖過程中,會形成黑色而致密的氧化皮,既影響美觀,又給后處理帶來不便,通??捎脟娚啊娡韬图訜崴嵯匆约俺厮嵯磥沓P和除去氧化皮。下面介紹一種快速除去氧化皮酸洗工藝。   1、基礎(chǔ)配方   根據(jù)文獻《化學清洗實用技術(shù)》、《鋼鐵材料酸洗化學》、《酸洗除銹技術(shù)》等介紹,確立了以鹽酸為主的常溫酸洗除去氧化皮工藝的基礎(chǔ)配方(1L溶液)為:   鹽酸420mL,烏洛托品5g,十二烷基硫酸鈉5g,草酸5g,OP-10 5g,添加劑10mL,磷酸14mL。   鹽酸是主要成分;磷酸的加入可提高酸洗速度;草酸可與Fe2+、Fe3+絡(luò)合,加快氧化皮溶解;添加劑也可與Fe2+、Fe3+絡(luò)合,明顯加快氧化皮溶解;十二烷基硫酸鈉起潤滑和滲透作用;OP-10有滲透作用,同時還有抑霧作用。   2、含量的確定   鹽酸酸洗從420mL鹽酸加至1000mL中,結(jié)果氧化皮全部去除所用時間為48min,單位面積失重為118g/m2 ;基礎(chǔ)配方鹽酸為420mL時,氧化皮全部去除所用時間為23min,單位面積失重為101g/m2。   烏洛托品的加入不但降低了氧化皮的清除速度,增加了酸洗時間。從1g到5g的加入對基體的浸蝕略有增加,造成麻點、凹坑。   十二烷基硫酸鈉從1g到5g的分別加入試驗,僅加入1g酸洗就有所加快,再繼續(xù)增加用量,酸洗的速度加快并不明顯。   草酸從1g到5g的分別加入試驗,隨著草酸量的增加,氧化皮的清除速度隨之加快,超過5g時酸洗速度增加不明顯。   OP-10從1g到10g的分別加入試驗,加入1g時氧化皮清除速度加快,再繼續(xù)增加,速度增加不明顯,但加入后酸霧明顯減少。   添加劑從1g到10g的分別加入試驗,加入添加劑氧化皮溶解速度加快,當濃度大于10mL時,速度增加并不明顯。   磷酸分別為14、28、42、56、70、140mL溶液中加水到1000mL分別進行試驗,磷酸濃度增加使氧化皮清除速度加快,但超過56mL后速度增加已經(jīng)不明顯。因此,確定磷酸的含量為56mL/L。采用該配方氧化皮去除時間為約16min,與鹽酸酸洗相比較是其30%,大大縮短了氧化皮的去除時間。   3、結(jié)論   本工藝的最佳配方(1L溶液):鹽酸42mL;十二烷基硫酸鈉10g;草酸5g;OP-10 10g;添加劑10mL;磷酸56mL。   該配方去除氧化皮的速度比鹽酸溶液時間縮短70%。
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